中文疑难词英译1

hmjg

N.
耐用消费品 consumer durables
内耗 in-fighting
农副业产品 agricultural (farm) and sideline products
农村/城市信用合作社 rural/urban credit cooperatives
牛市/熊市 a bull/bear market
O.
欧元 Euro
P.
派出所 local police station跑龙套 utility man, play a bit role, general handyman
泡沫经济 bubble economy
配股 allotment of shares
配套政策 supporting policies
培养跨世纪人才 bring up (foster) cross-century (trans-century) specialists棚户 shacks; family that live in shacks
碰钉子 get snubbed
碰头会 brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.)
疲软股票 soft stock
皮包公司 bogus company
啤酒肚 beer belly
票贩子 scalper, ticket tout
票房 box office
骗汇、逃汇、套汇 obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage
拼图 jigsaw
贫富悬殊 polarization of rich and poor
贫铀弹 depleted uranium bomb
平均主义 equalitarianism
平面设计师 graphic designer
评头论足 nit-pick
瓶颈制约 “bottleneck”restrictions
扑网(体） rush-up, rushing
普选制 general election system
Q.
妻管严丈夫 hen-pecked husband
取消“大锅饭” give up the practice of "eating from the same big pot"; abolish egalitarianism
取消福利分房 abolish the welfare-oriented distribution (allocation) of public housing
全球变暖 global warming
全面投产开工 go into (enter ) full operation; be full operation; be fully operational
拳头产品 knockout product or competitive product
缺少流动资金 a shortage of circulating funds (floating capital)
裙带经济 crony economy
R.
人才 competent people; trained personnel; experts; specialists
人才市场 the personnel market
人均国民生产总值达到中等发达国家水平 The average per-capita GNP will reach the standard of moderately developed countries.
人民币对美圆汇率稳定 the stability of RMB exchange rate against USD
人民币贬值的压力 the devaluation pressure on RMB
人均住房 per-capita housing
日经指数跌至今年最低点 the Nikkei Index fell to a record low for the year.
融资 financing; fund-raising
S.
三角恋爱 love triangle
三角债 chain debts
三陪服务 escort service
傻瓜相机 Instamatic INSTA(NT)+(AUTO)MATIC
商品房空置的现象 the vacancy problem in commercial housing
商品粮基地 a commodity grain production base
商业银行 commercial banks
上海证券交易所 the Shanghai Securities Exchange
社会生活 social activities
社会治安情况 law-and-order situation
生活物价指数 the cost of living index/the price index
谁控股？ Who holds the controlling shares?
实行董事会领导下的总经理负责制 practice the system of director-general responsibility under the leadership of board of the bored of directors.
使经济进一步市场化 make the economy more market-oriented
使大中型企业摆脱困境 extricate (free) the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises from predicament
实体经济 the real economy
售后服务 after sale service
死胡同 blind alley
私人企业 private enterprises (foreign-funded, foreign financed foreign-owned) enterprises
T.
提高军队在高科技条件下的作战能力 improve the army combat capabilities under high-tech conditions
提高综合国力 improve the overall national strength (the overall strength of the country)
投诉 lodge a complaint, register a beef
投诉热线 dial-a-cheat confidential hotline
投资热点 a region attractive to investors, a much-sought piece of land,
popular investment spot
推进国民经济信息化 try to informationize the national economy
推进政府机构改革 restructure government institutions
脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity
W.
外交豁免权 diplomatic immunity
外商独资企业 wholly (solely ) foreign-owned enterprises
外向型经济/城市 an export-oriented economy/a foreign-oriented city, an international city
外资 overseas investment
外资企业 foreign invested (foreign founded ,foreign financed ,foreign-owned) enterprises .
X.
下海 go into business
小康水平 the living standards of a fairly comfortable life; a relatively comfortable standard of living
消除两极分化，最终达到共同富裕 eliminate polarization and ultimately achieve common prosperity
Y.
沿着有中国特色的社会主义道路阔步前进 take great strides along the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics
摇头丸 dancing outreach
依法收税 levy taxes according the law
一次付清 pay in full
一次消费 one-time-consumption
一次成像照片 a Polaroid picture
一次偿还信贷 non-installment
一次性杯子 sanitary cup
一次性筷子 disposable chopsticks
一次性收入 lump-sum payment
一次用包装 non-returnable container
一次性汇款 lump-sum payment
一次性拖鞋 disposable slippers
一蹶不振的B股市场 a sluggish B-share market
以经济建设为中心 take economic construction as the central task
隐形就业 unregistered employment; veiled re-employment
隐形眼镜 contact lens
有价证券投资 portfolio investment
拥军优属 preferential treatment for families of servicemen and martyrs
拥有至少50%的股份 hold a minimum of 50% percent of the equity
由于资源不足，必须实施可持续发展战略 We must adopt the strategy of sustainable development owing to the limited resources.
与国际接轨 be geared to international standards; be brought in line with international practice (norms)
与美圆的联系汇率 the system of pegging the currency to the U.S. dollar
育龄夫妇 couples of child-bearing age
Z.
增加财政收入 increase the state tax revenue (fiscal revenue)
增殖税 the value-added tax (VAT)
掌上明珠 the apple of one's eye
正常贸易关系 Normal Trade Relations
政策银行 policy bank
政企分开 separate administrative functions from enterprises management ;separate administration from management
振兴支柱产业 invigorate pillar industries
振兴中华 the rejuvenation (revitalization) of the Chinese nation
支持强强联合，实现优势互补 support association between strong enterprises so that they can take advantage of each other's strengths
智囊团、思想库 the brain trust (think tank)
执行通货紧缩政策 pursue a deflationary policy (the policy of deflation)
支援灾区（灾民）；救灾 provide relief to disaster-stricken areas (people)
制约 check and supervision
中共十五大 the 15th National Congress of the CPC
中外合资100强 the top 100 Sino-foreign (Chinese-foreign) joint ventures
重视老龄化问题 attach importance to the problem of population aging (the aging population)
昼夜服务 round-the-clock service
主体经济 principal sector of the economy;  the mainstay of the economy
滞销货 unmarketable (unsalable .poor selling )product
抓大放小 manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones
总产值创最高历史记录 total output value hit a record high (an all-time high)
综合指数停止下滑，上升28点，达到671点 the composite stopped the declining momentum, gaining 28 points to 671
最终实现人民币的自由兑换 the free convertibility of the RMB will evenly be instituted ;the RMB will finally become a convertible currency


[不妙]something is to pay

经理感到事情有些不妙。
The manager had a hunch that something was to pay.

汉语的“有些不妙”或“有点不对头”的概念常可用something is to pay的句式来表示。这一短语常和feel或have a hunch that连用。

Dialogue

Bob: Didn't you see the writing on the wall?
Sue: I even didn't have the slightest hunch.
Bob: But you should be prepared for such an outcome.
Sue: I had too much confidence in him.
Bob: But he ruined your business.
Sue: Well, if I knew there would be something to pay, I wouldn't should chalk it up to experience.
Bob: Well, you should chalk it up to experience.
Sue: You're right.
汉语习语英译

hmjg

[眼中钉]a thorn in someone's flesh
不知为什么我成了他们的眼中钉了。我可从未错待过他们。
I wonder why I become a thorn in their flesh. I've never harmed them.
我们说的“眼中钉”与英美人讲的a thorn in someone's flesh指的是一回事，虽比喻有异，但意思相同。与此说法相似的还有“刺耳的话”（a flea in someone's ear）。

Dialogue

Frank: I don't know why I should become a thorn in the John's flesh.
Betty: You mean your boss?
Frank: Yeah. He seems to bear me a grudge.
Betty: That's because you are too much on the ball.
Frank: But why should that make him hate me?
Betty: That's because you put him in the shade.

[馋得流口水]make someone's mouth water

桌上的美味佳肴馋得他直流口水。
The delicacies on the table make him mouth water.

“使某人流口水”指“使某人垂涎”，是地道的汉语口语。这一概念一般是用make someone mouth water的句式来表达的。

Dialogue

Sue: Wow! What a gracious table! Everything looks so beautiful.
Bob: This might be the best dinner you've ever had.
Sue: Surely it is. I can hardly wait. They make my mouth water.
Bob: I feel itching, too. Let's start and try these delicacies.

[胡说八道]shooting from the hip

他说我迷恋上李丽了？这简直是胡说八道！
He thinks I've got the hots for Lily? It's shooting from the hip!

汉语口语中的"胡说八道"曾被译成break wind。其实，英美人更习惯用shoot from the hip来表示这一说法。

Dialogue

Rose: I didn't know Joe was two-faced. He stabbed me in the back.
Mark: What did he do?
Rose: He told my boyfriend that I had affairs with several men, which, of course, made my boy friend very suspicious of me.
Mark: I didn't believe he would shoot from the hip like that! It was very vicious of him. You must not put up with him.
Rose: Of course not! He will soon know what he deserves!

[各奔东西]drift apart

毕业后我们班的同学就各奔东西了。

After graduation my classmates drifted apart.

“各奔东西”指的是“散开”或“不在一起”的意思，但“散开”或“分散开”的英语是disperse，常指“分散精力”，“疏散人群”或“驱散云雾”等概念。因而，“各奔东西”不宜使用disperse，而应该用drift apart。此语中的drift是漂流的意思。

Dialogue

John: What have you been doing these days, mark?
Mark: I've been trying to track down some of our old friends.
John: I haven't been keeping in touch with them. We simply drifted apart.
Mark: We lost track of each other somehow after we graduated.
John: Did you ever bump into any of them?
Mark: A few Some have settled down, some are tied down, some are living it up and others are in a rut.

[呕吐]shoot the cat

他刚吃完饭就吐了。

He shoot the cat right after the meal.

Shoot the cat 是一条俚语，意即vomit。表示"呕吐"的概念时，除了用shoot, 还可以用jerk,形成jerk the cat的说法。

Sample Sentences

1、 他告诉医生说他一吃完饭就吐，不知道是为什么。

He told the doctor that he would shoot the cat right after meals without knowing why.

2、 他又吐了，肯定又喝多了。

He's shooting the cat again. He must have drank too many again.

3、她说吃牛肉就吐，但是还特别想吃。

She says she would shoot the cat after eating beef and she doesn't seem to be able to resist eating it.

打嗝］make a belch

孩子打嗝儿了，让他喝口水吧。

The kid is making a belch. Give him a drink.

汉语口语中的“打嗝儿”可以用动词belch来表示，也可以用make a belch的形式。作为动词使用，belch有“猛烈喷射”、“阵阵冒出”以及“打嗝”等意。在日常口语中，英美人一般使用make a belch的说法。

Sample Sentences

1、 有人说当你打嗝儿时，想想别的事就会好的。

It's said that when you are making a belch, think of something else and the belch will be off.

2、 你快给他多穿点衣服吧。他都打嗝了。

He's making a belch. Give him more clothes to make him warm.

3、 有人说打嗝时喝点儿热水就会好的。

It's said drinking some warm water can help get over the belch.

[久等]cool one's heels

汉语口语中“久等”或“足足等了”之类的概念可以用Cool one's heels来表示。比如：I have left cooling my heels since seven o'clock.此语源于古时，人们一般骑马外出，当马走的路程太长或太疲惫时，马蹄就会发热，骑马的人必须停下来，让马休息，一直到马蹄凉下来再走。

Sample Sentences

1、 报社记者必须学会久等，这也是他们的一个任务。

Newspaper reporters must learn to accept cooling their heels as part of their job.

2、 他们让我在经理办公室的门外等了好外。

I was left cooling my heels outside the manager's office.

3、 让他久等？他是耐不住这个性子的。
Asking him to wait ? He had no patience in cooling his heels.

注：但值得注意的是，英语cool one's heels作为“久等”或“足足等了”的地道表示法，只能用于“白白等了”的情景之中，若“久等”而“白等”时就应该用be kept waiting来表示。比如：对不起，让您久等了。I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.

[各有利弊]cut both ways

在国营企业或合资企业工作各有利弊：在国营企业工作比较安定，但工资较少；在合资企业工业挣钱多一些，可是又不稳定。

It cuts both ways to work in a state-run enterprise or a joint venture :the pay from a state-run enterprise is relatively lower but you feel more stable while in a joint venture you feel unassured, though the pay is relatively higher.

“各有利弊”一般是用have both advantages and disadvantages的片语来表示的。但作为口语，用cut both ways似乎更好些。此语直译为“两面都砍”。这也就如同在说，事物既有好的一面，也有其坏的一面；有有利的一面，也有不利的一面，与汉语的“各有利弊”相吻合。

Dialogue

Li Ming: I head that you have found a new job in a joint venture. What about the pay?
Zhao Hua: 2,000 yuan a month.
Li Ming: 2,000 yuan a month? That's four times the pay I get! No wonder many people are crazy about finding a job in a joint venture.
Zhao Hua: Well, it cut both ways. When you work in a state-run enterprise as the one you do now, you feel safe and stable. But those who are working in a joint venture do not have that feeling, you know what I mean.
Li Ming: Sure, But most people still prefer to have a job that has a higher pay.

[吃闭门羹]to a locked door

我昨天去他家看他，不想吃了闭门羹。

I went to see him yesterday, but unfortunately I was to a locked door.

汉语口语中“吃闭门羹”的说法指登门拜访某人而某人不在家。在大多数的场合，是用to a locked door的片语来表示的。


Dialogue

Mark: Did you went to see her last week?
Mike: Yes, I did. But she was out when I called.
Mark: But you could tell her mother about that.
Mike: How could I? I was to a locked door.
Mark: Did you try again?
Mike: No. I don't feel comfortable running to a locked door. I would rather wait till she appears.

[哪儿都找了]look high and low

我哪儿都找遍了，可还是没找到那反钥匙。
I looked high and low for the key, but I couldn't find it any where.

有人曾把“哪儿都找遍了”译成looked everywhere似乎也说得过去，但英美人还有个look high and low的说法，十分接近“哪儿都找遍了”所表达的语气。但请注意，有时人们会用search high and low来替代look high and low。在这种情况下，search后面一般跟宾语。

Dialogue

Mary: Have you found your watch?
John: No. I looked high and low in the house but I couldn't find it.
Mary: Where on earth did you put it?
John: I remember putting it on the bookshelf, but it's not there.
Mary: Maybe you have put it somewhere else.

国际与区域组织名称(一)《pinyin A》
阿拉伯共同市场Arab Common Market (ACM)
阿拉伯国家联盟(阿盟)League of Arab States (Arab League; LAS)
阿拉伯货币基金组织Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)
阿拉伯经济统一委员会Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)
阿拉伯联盟教科文组织Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO)
阿拉伯马格里布联盟Union de Maghreb Arabe (UMA); Union of the Arab Maghreb
阿拉伯石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)
安第斯共同市场Andean Common Market (ANCOM)
安第斯共同体Andean Community
安第斯条约组织Andean Pact Organization (APO); Pacto Andino (PA)


《pinyin B》
八国集团Group of Eight (G8)
巴黎俱乐部Paris Club (Group of Ten)
巴黎联盟(国际保护工业产权联盟)Paris Convention (International Union for the Protection of Industrial Property)
巴黎统筹委员会(巴统)Coordinating Committee on Export Control (COCOM); Coordinating Committee for Export to Communist Countries
北大西洋公约组织(北约)North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
北大西洋合作理事会North Atlantic Cooperation Council
北美自由贸易区North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA)
北南核控制联合委员会North-South Nuclear Joint Committee
北欧理事会Nordic Council
北欧邮政联盟Nordic Postal Union (NPU)
北太平洋海洋科学组织North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES)
伯尔尼(国际保护文学艺术作品)联盟Berne Union (for he Protection of Literary and Artistic Works)
不结盟运动Non-Aligned Movement (NPU)


《pinyin C》
朝鲜半岛能源开发组织Korea Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO)
船长协会国际联合会International Federation of Shipmasters’ Association (IFSMA)
促进种族平等公民协会Citizens’ Association for Racial Equality


《pinyin D》
大陆架界限委员会Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
大气科学委员会Commission of Atmospheric Sciences (CAS)
大气污染管制委员会Air Pollution Control Commission (APCC)
大气污染控制管理局Air Pollution Control Administration (APCA)
大赦国际Amnesty International
大西洋自由贸易区Atlantic Free Trade Area (AFTA)
第三世界科学院Academy of Sciences for the Third World
东非共同体East African Community (EAC)
东加勒比共同市场East Caribbean Common Market (ECCM)
东加勒比组织Organization of the Eastern Caribbean States
东盟各国议会组织ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Organization
东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)
东南非共同市场Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
东南亚国家联盟(东盟)Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)


《pinyin F》
发展工业产权和有关权利合作常设委员会Permanent Committee for Development Cooperation Related to Industrial Rights
发展中国家间经济合作委员会Committee on Economic Cooperation Among Developing Countries
发展著作权和邻接权利合作常设委员会Permanent Committee for Development Related to Copyright and Neighbouring Rights
法语国家首脑会议Somet de la francophonie; Summit of Francophone Countries
反对原子弹氢弹会议Conference Against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs
泛非电信联盟Pan African Telecommunication Union (PATU)
泛非妇女组织Organization Panafricaine des Femmes (OPF); Pan-African Women’s Organization (PAWO)
防止空气污染协会国际联合会International Union of Air Pollution Prevention Association (IUAPPA)
防止歧视和保护少数小组委员会Sub-committee on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities
防止外层空间军备竞赛特设委员会Ad Hoc Committee on the Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space
非殖民化委员会(24国委员会)Commission on Decolonisation (Committee of 24)
非洲，加勒比和太平洋地区国家集团(非加太集团)Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific Region Countries (ACP Group)
非洲经济共同体African Economic Community
非洲人权和民族权委员会African Committee on Human and People’s Right
非洲统一组织(非统组织)Organization of African Unity (OAU)
非洲邮政联盟African Postal Union (APU)
扶轮社国际Rotary International
《pinyin G》
各国议会联盟Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
国际奥林匹克委员会International Olympic Committee (IOC)
国际版权协会International Copyright Society
国际保护工业产权联盟(即巴黎联盟)International Union for the Protection of Industrial Property (Paris Union)
国际保护工业产权协会International Association for the Protection of Industrial Property (IAPIP)
国际保护知识产权联合局United International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property (BIRPI)
国际保护自然资源联盟International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
国际笔会(国际诗人，剧作家，编辑，散文家和小说家协会)International PEN (International Association of Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists and Novelists)
国际标准化知识International Standardization Organization (ISO)
国际标准协会International Standard Association (ISA)
国际材料物理中心International Center for Materials Physics (ICMP)
国际船东协会International Shipping Federation (ISP)
国际船级社协会International Association of Classification Societies (IACS)
国际纯粹和应用化学联盟International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)
国际纯粹和应用生物物理学联盟International Union of Pure and Applied Biophysics (IUPAB)
国际大坝委员会International Commission on Large Dam (ICOLD)
国际大学生体育联合会Federation Internationale du Sport Universitaire (FISU)
国际地球科学信息网络集团Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)
国际地球学联盟International Geographical Union (IGU)
国际地震中心International Seismological Centre (ISC)
国际地质大会International Geological Congress (IGC)
国际地质科学联盟International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS)
国际冻土协会International Permafrost Association (IPA)
国际独立油船东协会International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (INTERTANKO)
国际度量衡局International Bureau of Weight and Measurements (IBWM)

hmjg

国际儿童福利联合会International Union for Child Welfare (IUCW)
国际法官联合会International Union of Judges
国际法协会International Law Association
国际法学家委员会International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)
国际法学协会International Association of Legal Science (IALS)
国际纺织学会International Textile Institute (ITI)
国际辐射防护协会International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA)
国际妇女同盟International Alliance of Women (IAW)
国际妇女协会International Women Society
国际港口协会International Association of Ports and Harbours (IAPH)
国际公务员协会联合会Federation of International Civil Servants Associations (FICSA)
国际公务员制度委员会International Civil Service Commission (ICSC)
国际古生物协会International Palaeontological Association (IPA)
国际雇主知识International Organization of Employers (IOE)
国际广播协会International Association of Broadcasting (IAB)
国际海道测量知识International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
国际海底管理局International Sea-Bed Authority
国际海事卫星知识International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)
国际海运联盟International Shipping Federation
国际航标协会International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA)
国际航空科学理事会International Council of Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS)
国际航空联合会Aeronautic International Federation (FAI)
国际航空运输协会International Air Transport Association (IATA)
国际航运会议常设协会Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses (PIANC)
国际航运协会International Chamber of Shipping
国际和平利用原子能会议International Conference on the Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy
国际和平学会International Peace Academy (IPA)
国际核数据委员会International Nuclear Data Committee (INDC)
国际红十字International Red Cross (IRC)
国际环境法理事会International Council of Environmental Law
国际环境事务研究所International Institute for Environmental Affairs
国际计划生育联合会International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF)
国际建筑师协会International Union of Architects (IUA)
国际救济联合会International Relief Union (IRU)
国际军事体育理事会International Military Sports Council (IMSC)
国际开发委员会Commission on International Development (CID)
国际科学基金会International Foundation of Sciences (IFS)
国际科学联盟理事会International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU)
国际空间研究委员会International Committee on Space Research (ICSR)
国际空运协会International Air Transport Association (IATA)
国际理论和应用力学联盟International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
国际理论物理中心International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)
国际律师协会International Bar Association (IBA)
国际毛纺知识International Wool Textile Organization (IWTO)
国际民主妇女联合会Women’s International Democratic Federation (WIDF)
国际难民知识International Refugee Organization (IRO)
国际能源机构International Energy Agency (IEA)
国际殴亚科学院International Academy for Europe and Asia (IAEA)
国际清算银行Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
国际人口问题科学研究联合会International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP)
国际人权法院International Court of Human Rights
国际人权联合会International Federation of Human Rights
国际人与生物圈保护区网络International Man and Biosphere Reserve Network
国际商会International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
国际商事仲裁协会International Commercial Arbitration Association
国际商业仲裁会International Council for Commercial Arbitration
国际生态学协会International Association for Ecology
国际生物化学与分子生物学联盟International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)
国际生物科学联合会International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS)
国际圣经协会International Bible Society (IBS)
国际世界语协会Universala Esperanto-Asocio; Universal Esperanto Association (UEA)
国际数学联盟International Mathematical Union (IMU)
国际水资源协会International Water Resources Association (IWRA)
国际丝绸协会International Silk Association (ISA)
国际体操联合会Federation Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG); International Federation of Gymnastics
国际天文学联合会International Astronomical Union (IAU)
国际通讯卫星知识International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)
国际投资银行International Investment Bank (IIB)
国际土壤协会International Society of Soil Science (ISSS)
国际细胞生物学联合会International Federation for Cell Biology (IFCB)
国际心理科学联盟International Union of Psychological Science
国际新闻工作者协会International Federation of Journalists
国际信息和文献联合会International Federation for Information and Documentation
国际刑法协会International Association of Penal Law (IAPL)
国际刑警组织International Criminal Police Organization (INERPOL; ICPO)
国际刑事学会International Association of Criminal Science
国际宣教协会International Missionary Council (IMC)
国际学生联合会International Union of Student (IUS)
国际移民组织International Organization for Migration (IOM)
国际遗传学联合会International Genetics Federation (IGF)
国际译联International Federation of Translators
国际音乐理事会International Music Council (IMC)
国际应用心理学协会International Association of Applied Psychology (IAAP)
国际有线发行联盟International Alliance for Distribution by Cable
国际宇航科学院International Academy of Astronautics (IAA)
国际植物生理学家协会International Association for Plant Physiologists (IAPP)
国际自动控制联合会International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC)
国际自由工会联合会(自由工联)International confederation of Free Trade Union (ICFTU)
国际足球联合会International Football Federation (FIFA)
pinyin H》
海湾(阿拉伯国家)合作委员会 Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf; Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
海洋研究科学委员会 Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR)
海洋研究气象委员会 Commission on Maritime Meteorology (CMM)
海洋资源研究咨询委员会 Advisory committee on Marine Resources Research
和平利用外层空间委员会 Committee of Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
和平利用原子能国际会议咨询委员会Advisory Committee of the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy
和平利用原子能委员会 Committee on the Use of Atomic Energy for Peaceful Purposes (CUAEPP)
红十字与红月会国际联合会 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
环境问题科学委员会 Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE)
环境与发展国际研究中心(环发中心) Centre for International Research of Environment and Development (CIRED)
环太平洋论坛 Pacific Rim Forum (PRF)



《pinyin J》
基督教会联合会 World Council of Churches (WCC)
基督教女青年会 Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA)
基督教青年会Young men’s Christian Association (YMCA)
计划生育- 世界人口组织 Planned Parenthood – World Population
加勒比共同体和共同市场 Caribbean community and Common Market (CARICOM)
经济合作与发展组织(经合组织) organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)



《pinyin K》
孔塔多拉集团 Contadora Group


《pinyin L》
拉丁美洲共同市场Latin America Common Market (LACM)
拉丁美洲和加勒比禁止核武器组织 Organization for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean
拉丁美洲货币同盟Latin American Monetary Union
拉丁美洲经济体系 Latin American Economic System (LAES)
拉丁美洲经济委员会 Economic Commission of Latin America (ECLA)
拉丁美洲发展金融机构协会 Latin American Association of Development of Financing Institutions
拉丁美洲能源组织 Latin American Energy Organization (OLAE)
拉丁美洲社会学会 Association of Latin American Sociology (ALAS)
拉丁美洲协调特别委员会 Special Committee on Latin American Coordination
拉丁美洲一体化协会 Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)
拉丁美洲自由贸易区 Latin American Free Trade Area (LAFTA)
拉丁美洲自由贸易市场 Latin American Free Trade Market
拉丁美洲自由贸易协会 Latin American Free Trade Association
联合国协会世界联合会 World Federation of United Nations Associations (WFUNA)
伦敦核供应国俱乐部 London Suppliers’ Club



《pinyin M》
马格理布联盟 Union du Maghreb (UMA)
美洲出口贸易促进中心 Inter-American Export Promotion Centre
美洲储蓄和贷款银行 Inter-American Saving and Loans Banks
美洲国家间人权委员会 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
美洲国际组织 Organization of American States (OAS)
美洲经济及社会理事会 Inter-American Economic and Social Council
美洲开发银行 Inter-America Development Bank
美洲人权委员会 Inter-America Commission on Human Rights (IACHR)



《pinyin N》
南北协调委员会 North-South Coordinating committee
南部非洲发展共同体 Southern African Development Community (SADC)
南部非洲关税同盟 Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
南方共同市场 South Common Market
南南会议 South-South Conference
南太平洋论坛 South Pacific Forum (SPF)
南亚区域合作联盟 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)



《pinyin O》
欧洲安全与合作组织(欧安组织，原欧洲安全与合作会议) Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE, formerly known as Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe)
欧洲裁军会议 Conference on Disarmament in Europe (CDE)
欧洲复兴开发银行 European Bank of Reconstruction and Development
欧洲经济合作组织 Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC)
欧洲联盟(欧盟) European Union (EU)
欧洲人权法院 European Court of Human Rights
欧洲人权委员会 European Commission of Human Rights
欧洲原子能委员会 European Atomic Commission (EAC)
欧洲原子能学会 European Atomic Energy Society (EAES)
欧洲自由贸易联盟 European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
《pinyin Q》
七国集团 Group of Seven (G7)
七十七国集团 Group of 77
区域合作发展组织 Regional Cooperation Organization for Development (RCOD)




《pinyin S》
三边委员会(日美欧委员会) Trilateral Commission of Japan, North America and Europe (TC)
社会党国际 Socialist International
石油输出国组织(欧佩克) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
世界残疾人组织理事会 Council of World Organizations Interested in the Handicapped (CWOIH)
世界动物保护联合会 World Federation for the Protection of Animals
世界佛教徒联谊会 World Fellowship of Buddhists (WFB)
世界工会联合会(世界工联) World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
世界海关组织 World Customs Organization
世界和平理事会 World Peace Council (WPC)
世界基督教联合会 World Council of Churches (WCC)
世界教师工会协进会 World Federation of Teachers’ Unions
世界科学工作者联合会 World Federation of Scientific Worker (WFSW)
世界劳工联合会 World Confederation of Labour (WCL)
世界旅游组织 World Tourism Organization (WTO)
世界贸易组织 World Trade Organization (WTO)
世界穆斯林大会 World Muslim Congress
世界穆斯林联盟 Muslim World League (MWL)
世界青年大会 World Assembly of Youth (WAY)
世界人权大会 World Conference on Human Rights
世界野生动物基金会 World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
世界伊斯兰大会 World Islamic Congress
世界医学学会 World Medical Association
世界艺术与科学学会 World Academy of Art and Science
世界犹太人大会 World Jewish Congress
世界幼儿教育组织 World Organization for Early Children’s Education
世界针灸学会联合会 World Federation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Societies
世界自然保护联盟 World Conservation Union
世界宗教和平大会 World Conference on Religion and Peace (WCRP)



《pinyin T》
太平洋经济合作理事会 Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC)




《pinyin X》
西方七国首脑会议 Seven-Nation Economic Summit; Group of Seven Summit (G7 Summit)
西非国际经济共同体 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
西欧联盟 Western European Union (WEU)




《pinyin Y》
亚大邮联 Asian-Oceanic Postal Union (AOPU; UPAO)
亚非法律协商委员会 Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee (AALCC)
亚非会议 Asian-African Conference
亚非拉人民团结组织 Organization of Solidarity of the Peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America (OSPAALA)
亚非人民团结组织 Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Organization (AAPSO)
亚非新闻工作者协会 Afro-Asian Journalists’ Association (AAJA)
亚欧合作理事会 Council for Asia-Europe Cooperation (CAEC)
亚欧环境技术中心 Asia-Europe Environmental Technology Center
亚太安全合作理事会 Council on Security Cooperation in Asia and Pacific Region (CSCAP)
亚太经合组织 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
亚太空间技术应用多边合作会议 Asia-Pacific Conference on Multilateral Cooperation in Space Technology and Applications (APC-MCSTA conference)
亚太大洋洲邮政联盟 Asian-Oceanic Postal Union (AOPU; UPAO)
亚洲化学学会联合会 Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS)
亚洲环境问题协会 Asian Environmental Society (AES)
亚洲基督教会议 Christian Conference of Asia (CCA)
亚洲及太平洋和平与裁军区域中心 Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific
亚洲及太平洋理事会 Asian and Pacific Council (ASPAC)
亚洲开发银行 Asian Development Bank (ADB)
亚洲科学联合会 Federation of Asian Scientific Academies and Societies
亚洲青年理事会 Asian Youth Council (AYC)
亚洲生产力组织 Asian Productivity Organization
亚洲太平洋广播联盟 Asian-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU)
亚洲-太平洋通讯社组织 Organization of Asia-Pacific News Agencies (OANA)
亚洲-太平洋邮政联盟 Asian-Pacific Postal Union
亚洲遥感协会 Asian Association on Remote Sensing (AARS)




《pinyin Y》
伊斯兰会议组织 Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)
伊斯兰教事务最高理事会 Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs
印度洋特设委员会 Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean
英联邦 British Commonwealth of Nations (Commonwealth)
《pinyin Z》
中非国家经济共同体 Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)
中非国家联盟 Union of Central African States (UEAC)
中美洲共同市场 Central American Common Market
中美洲国家组织 Organization of Central American States

中国国家机关名称
全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)

主席团Presidium

常务委员会Standing Committee
办公厅General Office
秘书处Secretariat
代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee
提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee
民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee
法律委员会Law Committee
财务经济委员会Finance Affairs Committee
外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee
教育，科学，文化委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee
内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs
华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee
法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs
特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions
宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution

中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China

中央军事委员会Central Military Commission

最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court

最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate

国务院State Council


(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council

外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs
国防部Ministry of National Defence
国家发展计划委员State Development Planning Commission
国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission
教育部Ministry of Education
科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology
国家科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence
国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission
公安部 Ministry of Public Security
国家安全部 Ministry of State Security
监察部 Ministry of Supervision
民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs
司法部 Ministry of Justice
财政部 Ministry of Finance
人事部 Ministry of Personnel
劳动和社会保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social Security
国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources
建设部Ministry of Construction
铁路部 Ministry of Railways
交通部 Ministry of Communications
信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry
水利部Ministry of Water Resources
农业部Ministry of Agriculture
对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation
文化部Ministry of Culture
卫生部Ministry of Public Health
国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission
中国人民银行People’s Bank of China
国家审计署State Auditing Administration


(2)国务院办事机构Offices under that State Council

国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council
侨务办公厅Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs
港澳办公厅Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office
台湾办公厅Taiwan Affairs Office
法制办公厅Office of Legislative Affairs
经济体制办公厅Office for Economic Restructuring
国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council
新闻办公室Information Office


(3)国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council

海关总署General Administration of Customs
国家税务总局State Taxation Administration
国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration
中国民用航空总局Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)
国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television
国家体育总局State Physical Cultural Administration
国家统计局State Statistics Bureau
国家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce
新闻出版署Press and Publication Administration
国家版权局State Copyright Bureau
国家林业局State Forestry Bureau
国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision
国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA)
国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)
国家旅游局National Tourism Administration
国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs
国务院参事室Counsellors’ Office of the State Council
国务院机关事务管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council


(4)国务院直属事业单位Institutions Directly under the State Council

新华通讯社Xinhua News Agency
中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences
中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering
国务院发展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council
国家行政学院National School of Administration
中国地震局China Seismological Bureau
中国气象局China Meteorological Bureau
中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS)

(5)部委管理的国家局State Bureaux Administration by Ministration or Commission)

国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)State Bureau of Grain Reserve (Under the State Development Planning Commission)
国家国内贸易局 State Bureau of Internal Trade
国家煤炭工业局 State Bureau of Coal Industry
国家机械工业局State Bureau of Machine Building Industry
国家冶金工业局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry
国家石油和化学工业局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry
国家轻工业局State Bureau of Light Industry
国家纺织工业局State Bureau of Textile Industry
国家建筑材料工业局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry
国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau
国家有色金属工业局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry

(以上由国家经贸委管理above are all under the State Economic and Trade Commission)

国家外国专家局(人事部) State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)

国家海洋局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resources)

国家测绘局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (ditto)

国家邮政局(信息产业部) State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry)

国家文物局(文化部) State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Culture)

国家中医药管理局(卫生部) State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the Ministry of Public Health)

国家外汇管理局(中国人民银行总行) State Administration of Foreign Exchange (under the People’s Bank of China)

国家出入境检验检疫局(海关总署) State Administration for EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine (under the General Administration of Customs)
中国人民团体,协会名称英译
测绘学会Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
地震学会Seismological Society
国际金融学会International Finance Society
国际战略问题学会Institute for International Strategic Studies
海洋学会Society of Oceanography
科普学会Popular Science Society
全国少年儿童文化艺术委员会Nat’l Council on Cultural and Art Work for Children
全国少年儿童工作协调委员会Nat’l Children’s Work Coordination Committee
全国史学会China Society of History
宋庆龄基金会Song Ching Ling Foundation
中国奥林匹克委员会Chinese Olympic Committee
中国笔会中心Chinese Pen Centre
中国标准化协会China Association for Standardization
中国残疾人福利基金会China Welfare Fund for the Handicapped
中国出版协会Chinese Publishers Association
中国道教协会Chinese Taoist Association
中国电视艺术家协会Chinese Television Artists Association
中国电影家协会China Film Association
中国法律质询中心Chinese Legal Consultancy Centre
中国法律会China Law Society
中国翻译工作者协会Translators Association of China
中国佛教协会Chinese Buddhists Association
中国福利会China Welfare Institute
中国歌剧研究会Chinese Opera Research Institute
中国共产主义青年团Communist Youth League of China
中国国际法学会Chinese Society of International Law
中国国际交流协会Association for Int’l Understanding of China
中国红十字会总会Red Cross Society of China
中国会计学会China Accounting Society
中国基督教“三自”爱国运动委员会ThreeSelf Patriotic Movement Committee of the Protestant Churches of China
中国基督教协会China Christian Council
中国计量测试学会Chinese Society for Measurement
中国金融学会Chinese Monetary Society
中国考古协会Archaeological Society of China
中国科学技术史学会Chinese Society of Science and Technology History
中国科学技术协会China Society and Technology Association
中国联合国教科文组织全国委员会Nat’l Commission of The People’s Republic of China for UNESCO
中国联合国协会United Nations Association of the People’s Republic of China
中国美术家协会Chinese Artists Association
中国民间文艺家协会China Society for the Study of Folk Literature and Art
中国企业管理协会China Enterprise Management Association
中国曲艺家协会Chinese Ballad Singers Association
中国人民保卫儿童基金会Chinese People’s National Committee for Defence of Children
中国人民对外友好协会Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries
中国少年儿童基金会Children’s Foundation of China
中国少年先锋队China Young Pioneers
中国摄影家协会Chinese Photographers Society
中国书法家协会Chinese Calligraphers Association
中国天主教爱国会Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association
中国天主教教务委员会Nat’l Administrative Commission of the Chinese Catholic Church
中国天主教主教团Chinese Catholic Bishops College
中国文学艺术界联合会China Federation of Literary and Art Circles
中国舞蹈家协会Chinese Dancers Association
中国戏剧家协会Chinese Dramatists Association
中国伊斯兰教协会Chinese Islamic Association
中国音乐家协会Chinese Musicians Association
中国杂技艺术家协会Chinese Acrobats Association
中国政法学会China Society of Political Science and Law
中国作家协会Chinese Writers Association
中化全国妇女联合会AllChina Women’s Federation
中华全国工商联合会AllChina Federation of Industry and Commerce
中华全国归国华侨联合会AllChina Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese
中华全国青年联合会AllChina Youth Federation
中华全国世界语联合会AllChina Esperanto League
中华全国台湾同胞联谊会AllChina Federation of Taiwan Compatriots
中华全国体育总会AllChina Sports Federation
中华全国新闻工作者协会AllChina Journalists’ Association
中华全国总工会AllChina Federation of Trade Unions
中华医学会Chinese Medical Associaition

中国共产党，其他政党及政协相关名称中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC
中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC
中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC
中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC
中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC

中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC
中央组织部Organization Department, CCCPC
中央宣传部Publicity Department, CCCPC
中央统一战线部United Front Work Department, CCCPC
中央对外联络部International Liaison Department, CCCPC
中央政法委员会Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs, CCCPC
中央政策研究室Policy Research Office, CCCPC
中央直属机关工作委员会Work Committee for Offices Directly under the CCCPC
中央国家机关工作委员会State Organs Work Committee of the CPC
中央台湾工作委员会Taiwan Affairs Office, CCCPC
中央对外宣传办公室International Communication Office, CCCPC
中央党校Party School of the CPC
中央党史研究室Party History Research Centre, CCCPC
中央文献研究室Party Literature Research Centre, CCCPC
中央翻译局Compilation and Translation Bureau, CCCPC
中央外文出版发行事业局China Foreign Languages Publishing and Distribution Administration
中央档案馆Archives Bureau, CCCPC



《中国人民政治协商会议及其机构》
The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and Its Structure


中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC

中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee
专门委员会Special Committee
提案委员会Committee for Handling Proposals
经济委员会Committee for Economic Affairs
人口资源环境委员会Committee of Population, Resources and Environment
教科文卫体委员会Committee of Education, Science, Culture, Health and Sports
社会和法制委员会Committee for Social and Legal Affairs
民族和宗教委员会Committee for Ethnic and Religious Affairs
文史资料委员会Committee of Cultural and Historical Data
港澳台侨委员会Committee for Liaison with Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Overseas Chinese
外事委员会Committee of Foreign Affairs
中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees



《中国政党Chinese Parties》
中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC)
中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang
中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League
中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association
中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy
中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party
中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang
九三学社Jiu San Society
台湾民主自治同盟(台盟)Taiwan Democratic SelfGovernment League

中国各级党政机关干部名称英译名

• 中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee
• 政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee
• 政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee
• 书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee
• 中央委员 Member, Central Committee
• 候补委员 Alternate Member
• …省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC
• 党组书记 secretary, Party Leadership Group
• 中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People's Republic of China
• 全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People's Congress
• 秘书长 Secretary-General
• 主任委员 Chairman
• 委员 Member
• （地方人大）主任 Chairman, Local People's Congress
• 人大代表 Deputy to the People's Congress
• 国务院总理 Premier, State Council
• 国务委员 State Councilor
• 秘书长 Secretary-General
• （国务院各委员会）主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for
• （国务院各部）部长 Minister
• 部长助理 Assistant Minister
• 司长 Director
• 局长 Director
• 省长 Governor
• 常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor
• 自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People's Government
• 地区专员 Commissioner, prefecture
• 香港特别行政区行政长官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
• 市长/副市长 Mayor/Vice Mayor
• 区长 Chief Executive, District Government
• 县长 Chief Executive, County Government
• 乡镇长 Chief Executive, Township Government
• 秘书长 Secretary-General
• 办公厅主任 Director, General Office
• （部委办）主任 Director
• 处长/副处长 Division Chief/Deputy Division Chief
• 科长/股长 Section Chief
• 科员 Clerk/Officer
• 发言人 Spokesman
• 顾问 Adviser
• 参事 Counselor
• 巡视员 Inspector/Monitor
• 特派员 Commissioner
• 人民法院院长 President, People's Courts
• 人民法庭庭长 Chief Judge, People's Tribunals
• 审判长 Chief Judge
• 审判员 Judge
• 书记 Clerk of the Court
• 法医 Legal Medical Expert
• 法警 Judicial Policeman
• 人民检察院检察长 Procurator-General, People's procuratorates
• 监狱长 Warden
• 律师 Lawyer
• 公证员 Notary Public
• 总警监 Commissioner General
• 警监 Commissioner
• 警督 Supervisor
• 警司 Superintendent
• 警员 Constable